Review




Structured Review

Proteintech crt
The anti-tumor immune mechanism of ICCP NPs. a) Schematic illustration of cuproptosis mechanism. b) Immunofluorescence analysis of DLAT and FDX1 in 4T1 cells following various treatments. c) Schematic diagram illustrating the synergistic induction of ICD by SDT and cuproptosis. d) Immunofluorescence analysis of <t>CRT</t> and HMGB1 in 4T1 cells following various treatments. e) Quantitative analysis of CRT fluorescence intensity. f) ATP content in 4T1 cells following various treatments.
Crt, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 303 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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1) Product Images from "A precise theranostic nanoplatform amplifies anti-tumor efficacy via copper ionophores and sonodynamic therapy"

Article Title: A precise theranostic nanoplatform amplifies anti-tumor efficacy via copper ionophores and sonodynamic therapy

Journal: Materials Today Bio

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102957

The anti-tumor immune mechanism of ICCP NPs. a) Schematic illustration of cuproptosis mechanism. b) Immunofluorescence analysis of DLAT and FDX1 in 4T1 cells following various treatments. c) Schematic diagram illustrating the synergistic induction of ICD by SDT and cuproptosis. d) Immunofluorescence analysis of CRT and HMGB1 in 4T1 cells following various treatments. e) Quantitative analysis of CRT fluorescence intensity. f) ATP content in 4T1 cells following various treatments.
Figure Legend Snippet: The anti-tumor immune mechanism of ICCP NPs. a) Schematic illustration of cuproptosis mechanism. b) Immunofluorescence analysis of DLAT and FDX1 in 4T1 cells following various treatments. c) Schematic diagram illustrating the synergistic induction of ICD by SDT and cuproptosis. d) Immunofluorescence analysis of CRT and HMGB1 in 4T1 cells following various treatments. e) Quantitative analysis of CRT fluorescence intensity. f) ATP content in 4T1 cells following various treatments.

Techniques Used: Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence

ICCP NPs mediated anti-tumor immunity in vivo . a) Schematic diagram llustrating the synergistic anti-tumor immune mechanism of ICCP NPs through SDT and cuproptosis. b) Immunofluorescence analysis of CRT and HMGB1 across different treatments. c) Assessment of mature DC proportions (CD80 + /CD86 + ) in tumor tissues via flow cytometry and d) corresponding quantitative analysis. e) Assessment of CD4 + T cells proportions in tumor tissues via flow cytometry and f) corresponding quantitative analysis. g) Assessment of CD8 + T cells proportions in tumor tissues via flow cytometry and h) corresponding quantitative analysis.
Figure Legend Snippet: ICCP NPs mediated anti-tumor immunity in vivo . a) Schematic diagram llustrating the synergistic anti-tumor immune mechanism of ICCP NPs through SDT and cuproptosis. b) Immunofluorescence analysis of CRT and HMGB1 across different treatments. c) Assessment of mature DC proportions (CD80 + /CD86 + ) in tumor tissues via flow cytometry and d) corresponding quantitative analysis. e) Assessment of CD4 + T cells proportions in tumor tissues via flow cytometry and f) corresponding quantitative analysis. g) Assessment of CD8 + T cells proportions in tumor tissues via flow cytometry and h) corresponding quantitative analysis.

Techniques Used: In Vivo, Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry

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Incubation:

Article Title: Oxaliplatin accelerates immunogenic cell death by activating the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF5 pathway in gastric cancer.
Article Snippet: 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China 2 Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, China 3 Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China

Article Title: Responsive plasmonic hybrid nanorods enables metabolism reprogramming via cuproptosis-photothermal combined cancer therapy.
Article Snippet: Abnormal tumor metabolism leads to tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence, reprogramming tumor metabolism and activating potent anti-tumor immune response have been demonstrated to have good therapeutic effects on tumor elimination.. Copper-based nanomaterials involved in cuproptosis show great prospects in these two aspects, but their efficiency is restricted by Cu homeostasis and the toxicity of the chelator.. Here, the pHresponsive AuNRs@Cu2O core-shell plasmonic hybrid nanorods (ACNRs) have been successfully fabricated to realize microenvironment-controlled release at the tumor site for the combined therapy of cuproptosis and photothermal treatment.

other:

Article Title: Low hydrostatic pressure promotes functional homeostasis of nucleus pulposus cells through the TRPV4/CRT/FA complex axis
Article Snippet: The primary antibodies (Proteintech, China) used were as follows: Col2 (1:1,000), Col1 (1:1,000), ACAN (1:1,000), FAK (1:1,000), ITGβ1 (1:1,000), β-actin (1:5,000), CRT (1:1,000), and TRPV4 (1:1,000).

Immunofluorescence:

Article Title: Responsive plasmonic hybrid nanorods enables metabolism reprogramming via cuproptosis-photothermal combined cancer therapy.
Article Snippet: Abnormal tumor metabolism leads to tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence, reprogramming tumor metabolism and activating potent anti-tumor immune response have been demonstrated to have good therapeutic effects on tumor elimination.. Copper-based nanomaterials involved in cuproptosis show great prospects in these two aspects, but their efficiency is restricted by Cu homeostasis and the toxicity of the chelator.. Here, the pHresponsive AuNRs@Cu2O core-shell plasmonic hybrid nanorods (ACNRs) have been successfully fabricated to realize microenvironment-controlled release at the tumor site for the combined therapy of cuproptosis and photothermal treatment.



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The anti-tumor immune mechanism of ICCP NPs. a) Schematic illustration of cuproptosis mechanism. b) Immunofluorescence analysis of DLAT and FDX1 in 4T1 cells following various treatments. c) Schematic diagram illustrating the synergistic induction of ICD by SDT and cuproptosis. d) Immunofluorescence analysis of <t>CRT</t> and HMGB1 in 4T1 cells following various treatments. e) Quantitative analysis of CRT fluorescence intensity. f) ATP content in 4T1 cells following various treatments.
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The anti-tumor immune mechanism of ICCP NPs. a) Schematic illustration of cuproptosis mechanism. b) Immunofluorescence analysis of DLAT and FDX1 in 4T1 cells following various treatments. c) Schematic diagram illustrating the synergistic induction of ICD by SDT and cuproptosis. d) Immunofluorescence analysis of <t>CRT</t> and HMGB1 in 4T1 cells following various treatments. e) Quantitative analysis of CRT fluorescence intensity. f) ATP content in 4T1 cells following various treatments.
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Image Search Results


TSP-1 promotes the translocation of CRT to the cell surface in MC-3 cells. Cells were stained with an APC-conjugated anti-CRT antibody, and CRT expression on the cell membrane is presented as mean fluorescence intensity. At the 72 h point: **P<0.01 vs. the control group; # P<0.05 vs. the TSP-1 group; and ▲ P<0.05 vs. the TSP-1 + ISRIB group. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; CRT, calreticulin; TSP-1, thrombospondin-1.

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Thrombospondin-1 triggers calreticulin expression in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma MC-3 cells via the PERK/CHOP pathway

doi: 10.3892/ol.2026.15589

Figure Lengend Snippet: TSP-1 promotes the translocation of CRT to the cell surface in MC-3 cells. Cells were stained with an APC-conjugated anti-CRT antibody, and CRT expression on the cell membrane is presented as mean fluorescence intensity. At the 72 h point: **P<0.01 vs. the control group; # P<0.05 vs. the TSP-1 group; and ▲ P<0.05 vs. the TSP-1 + ISRIB group. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; CRT, calreticulin; TSP-1, thrombospondin-1.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies, including anti-PERK (1:1,000; cat. no. MA8131; Abmart Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.), anti-CHOP (1:1,000; cat. no. WL00880; Wanleibio Co., Ltd.), anti-CRT (1:800; cat. no. bs-5913R; BIOSS) and anti-β-actin (1:5,000; cat. no. 66009-1-Ig; Proteintech Group Inc.), were diluted in 5% BSA and incubated with the membranes overnight at 4°C.

Techniques: Translocation Assay, Staining, Expressing, Membrane, Fluorescence, Control

TSP-1 effects on cell surface CRT expression at 4 h. Cells were stained with an APC-conjugated anti-CRT antibody, and CRT expression on the cell membrane is presented as mean fluorescence intensity. At the 4 h time point. *P<0.05 compared with control group; # P<0.05 compared with TSP-1 action group; and ▲ P<0.05 compared with TSP-1 + ISRIB group. TSP-1, thrombospondin-1; CRT, calreticulin.

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: Thrombospondin-1 triggers calreticulin expression in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma MC-3 cells via the PERK/CHOP pathway

doi: 10.3892/ol.2026.15589

Figure Lengend Snippet: TSP-1 effects on cell surface CRT expression at 4 h. Cells were stained with an APC-conjugated anti-CRT antibody, and CRT expression on the cell membrane is presented as mean fluorescence intensity. At the 4 h time point. *P<0.05 compared with control group; # P<0.05 compared with TSP-1 action group; and ▲ P<0.05 compared with TSP-1 + ISRIB group. TSP-1, thrombospondin-1; CRT, calreticulin.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies, including anti-PERK (1:1,000; cat. no. MA8131; Abmart Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.), anti-CHOP (1:1,000; cat. no. WL00880; Wanleibio Co., Ltd.), anti-CRT (1:800; cat. no. bs-5913R; BIOSS) and anti-β-actin (1:5,000; cat. no. 66009-1-Ig; Proteintech Group Inc.), were diluted in 5% BSA and incubated with the membranes overnight at 4°C.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Membrane, Fluorescence, Control

In vitro ICD and ACD induced by IM@PLGA. a ) Schematic diagram of the construction of SW872-HRE-LUC cell line. b ) Bioluminescence image (BLI) of SW872-HRE-LUC cells under varying treatment conditions. c ) Quantitative BLI of SW872-HRE-LUC cells under varying treatment conditions. d ) Western blot analysis of HIF-1α and HK2 expression in SW872 cells after treatment with PBS, M@PLGA, and IM@PLGA. e ) Western blot analysis of SQSTM1/p62, LC3 I, and LC3 II expression in SW872 cells after treatment with PBS, M@PLGA, and IM@PLGA. f ) Western blot analysis of Bcl-2 and Bax expression in SW872 cells after treatment with PBS, M@PLGA, and IM@PLGA. Quantification of intracellular g ) glucose concentration, h ) lactate concentration, and i ) ATP level after treatment with virous groups. j ) Schematic diagram of tumor ICD induction by IM@PLGA. k ) Detection of surface MHC-I by flow cytometry in tumor cell. l ) IFN-β, m ) IL-6, and n ) ATP levels in the supernatant of SW872 cells after treatment with PBS, M@PLGA, and IM@PLGA. Representative fluorescence images in SW872 cells after treatment with varying groups and then stained with o ) anti-CRT antibodies and Multi-rAb™ CoraLite ® Plus 594-conjugated secondary antibodies and p ) HMGB1 antibodies and CoraLite488-conjugated secondary antibodies. q ) Mean fluorescence intensity of o ). r ) Cytosolic mean fluorescence intensity per cell of p ). Groups are G1, PBS; G2, I@PLGA; G3, M@PLGA; G4, IM@PLGA. Statistical significance was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

Journal: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Article Title: A “one-two punch” strategy to reverse immunosuppressive metabolism and activate T-cell immunity for enhanced cancer checkpoint immunotherapy

doi: 10.1186/s12951-026-04436-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro ICD and ACD induced by IM@PLGA. a ) Schematic diagram of the construction of SW872-HRE-LUC cell line. b ) Bioluminescence image (BLI) of SW872-HRE-LUC cells under varying treatment conditions. c ) Quantitative BLI of SW872-HRE-LUC cells under varying treatment conditions. d ) Western blot analysis of HIF-1α and HK2 expression in SW872 cells after treatment with PBS, M@PLGA, and IM@PLGA. e ) Western blot analysis of SQSTM1/p62, LC3 I, and LC3 II expression in SW872 cells after treatment with PBS, M@PLGA, and IM@PLGA. f ) Western blot analysis of Bcl-2 and Bax expression in SW872 cells after treatment with PBS, M@PLGA, and IM@PLGA. Quantification of intracellular g ) glucose concentration, h ) lactate concentration, and i ) ATP level after treatment with virous groups. j ) Schematic diagram of tumor ICD induction by IM@PLGA. k ) Detection of surface MHC-I by flow cytometry in tumor cell. l ) IFN-β, m ) IL-6, and n ) ATP levels in the supernatant of SW872 cells after treatment with PBS, M@PLGA, and IM@PLGA. Representative fluorescence images in SW872 cells after treatment with varying groups and then stained with o ) anti-CRT antibodies and Multi-rAb™ CoraLite ® Plus 594-conjugated secondary antibodies and p ) HMGB1 antibodies and CoraLite488-conjugated secondary antibodies. q ) Mean fluorescence intensity of o ). r ) Cytosolic mean fluorescence intensity per cell of p ). Groups are G1, PBS; G2, I@PLGA; G3, M@PLGA; G4, IM@PLGA. Statistical significance was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

Article Snippet: Representative fluorescence images in SW872 cells after treatment with varying groups and then stained with o ) anti-CRT antibodies and Multi-rAbTM CoraLite ® Plus 594-conjugated secondary antibodies and p ) HMGB1 antibodies and CoraLite488-conjugated secondary antibodies. q ) Mean fluorescence intensity of o ). r ) Cytosolic mean fluorescence intensity per cell of p ).

Techniques: In Vitro, Western Blot, Expressing, Concentration Assay, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Staining

In vivo anti-tumor immune response analysis. Immunofluorescence of a ) CRT and b ) HMGB1 in the tumor tissues after different treatments. Representative c ) flow cytometry plots and d ) percentage of matured (CD80 + CD86 + ) DCs after different treatments. Representative e ) flow cytometry plots and f ) percentage of Tregs in CD4 + T cells after different treatments. Representative g ) flow cytometry plots and h ) percentage of CD8 + T cells in CD3 + T cells after different treatments. Groups are G1, PBS; G2, I@PLGA; G3, M@PLGA; G4, IM@PLGA. The ELISA assay of i ) TNF-α and j ) IFN-γ in tumor tissue. The ELISA test of k ) TNF-α and l ) IFN-γ in serum. Groups are G1, PBS; G2, I@PLGA; G3, M@PLGA; G4, IM@PLGA. Statistical significance was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

Journal: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Article Title: A “one-two punch” strategy to reverse immunosuppressive metabolism and activate T-cell immunity for enhanced cancer checkpoint immunotherapy

doi: 10.1186/s12951-026-04436-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo anti-tumor immune response analysis. Immunofluorescence of a ) CRT and b ) HMGB1 in the tumor tissues after different treatments. Representative c ) flow cytometry plots and d ) percentage of matured (CD80 + CD86 + ) DCs after different treatments. Representative e ) flow cytometry plots and f ) percentage of Tregs in CD4 + T cells after different treatments. Representative g ) flow cytometry plots and h ) percentage of CD8 + T cells in CD3 + T cells after different treatments. Groups are G1, PBS; G2, I@PLGA; G3, M@PLGA; G4, IM@PLGA. The ELISA assay of i ) TNF-α and j ) IFN-γ in tumor tissue. The ELISA test of k ) TNF-α and l ) IFN-γ in serum. Groups are G1, PBS; G2, I@PLGA; G3, M@PLGA; G4, IM@PLGA. Statistical significance was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

Article Snippet: Representative fluorescence images in SW872 cells after treatment with varying groups and then stained with o ) anti-CRT antibodies and Multi-rAbTM CoraLite ® Plus 594-conjugated secondary antibodies and p ) HMGB1 antibodies and CoraLite488-conjugated secondary antibodies. q ) Mean fluorescence intensity of o ). r ) Cytosolic mean fluorescence intensity per cell of p ).

Techniques: In Vivo, Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

The anti-tumor immune mechanism of ICCP NPs. a) Schematic illustration of cuproptosis mechanism. b) Immunofluorescence analysis of DLAT and FDX1 in 4T1 cells following various treatments. c) Schematic diagram illustrating the synergistic induction of ICD by SDT and cuproptosis. d) Immunofluorescence analysis of CRT and HMGB1 in 4T1 cells following various treatments. e) Quantitative analysis of CRT fluorescence intensity. f) ATP content in 4T1 cells following various treatments.

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: A precise theranostic nanoplatform amplifies anti-tumor efficacy via copper ionophores and sonodynamic therapy

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102957

Figure Lengend Snippet: The anti-tumor immune mechanism of ICCP NPs. a) Schematic illustration of cuproptosis mechanism. b) Immunofluorescence analysis of DLAT and FDX1 in 4T1 cells following various treatments. c) Schematic diagram illustrating the synergistic induction of ICD by SDT and cuproptosis. d) Immunofluorescence analysis of CRT and HMGB1 in 4T1 cells following various treatments. e) Quantitative analysis of CRT fluorescence intensity. f) ATP content in 4T1 cells following various treatments.

Article Snippet: Cells were then incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary rabbit polyclonal antibodies against DLAT (13426-1-AP, 1:200), FDX1 (12592-1-AP, 1:250), CRT (10292-1-AP, 1:200), and HMGB1 (10829-1-AP, 1:200) (Proteintech, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence

ICCP NPs mediated anti-tumor immunity in vivo . a) Schematic diagram llustrating the synergistic anti-tumor immune mechanism of ICCP NPs through SDT and cuproptosis. b) Immunofluorescence analysis of CRT and HMGB1 across different treatments. c) Assessment of mature DC proportions (CD80 + /CD86 + ) in tumor tissues via flow cytometry and d) corresponding quantitative analysis. e) Assessment of CD4 + T cells proportions in tumor tissues via flow cytometry and f) corresponding quantitative analysis. g) Assessment of CD8 + T cells proportions in tumor tissues via flow cytometry and h) corresponding quantitative analysis.

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: A precise theranostic nanoplatform amplifies anti-tumor efficacy via copper ionophores and sonodynamic therapy

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102957

Figure Lengend Snippet: ICCP NPs mediated anti-tumor immunity in vivo . a) Schematic diagram llustrating the synergistic anti-tumor immune mechanism of ICCP NPs through SDT and cuproptosis. b) Immunofluorescence analysis of CRT and HMGB1 across different treatments. c) Assessment of mature DC proportions (CD80 + /CD86 + ) in tumor tissues via flow cytometry and d) corresponding quantitative analysis. e) Assessment of CD4 + T cells proportions in tumor tissues via flow cytometry and f) corresponding quantitative analysis. g) Assessment of CD8 + T cells proportions in tumor tissues via flow cytometry and h) corresponding quantitative analysis.

Article Snippet: Cells were then incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary rabbit polyclonal antibodies against DLAT (13426-1-AP, 1:200), FDX1 (12592-1-AP, 1:250), CRT (10292-1-AP, 1:200), and HMGB1 (10829-1-AP, 1:200) (Proteintech, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: In Vivo, Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry